Targeted drug delivery utilizing nanoshells has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These nanoscale structures can be precisely engineered with surface functionalities that enable targeted binding to specific cells or tissues, thereby delivering the payload directly to the site of act

Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a promising class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These remarkably fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that stem from their inherent structure and surface chemistry. The tunable size, shape, and compositi

Carbon nanotubes, tubular structures composed of rolled graphene sheets, have captivated scientists and engineers with their exceptional physical properties. Their unique strength, conductivity, and lightness make them ideal candidates for a broad range of applications, from high-performance structures to flexible electronics. Understanding the det

Producing biodiesel successfully can be a lucrative endeavor. However, enhancing the process to achieve maximum profitability requires a multi-faceted approach. Key considerations include sourcing sustainable feedstocks at competitive prices, implementing cutting-edge production technologies, and streamlining operational procedures. Furthermore, es

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit promising luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Nevertheless, the potential toxicological effects of UCNPs necessitate rigorous investigation to ensure their safe utilization. This review aims to offer a detailed analysis of